A suspension system that is a combination of hydraulic fluid and air has been developed in which the elastic medium is a sealed-in, fixed mass of air, and no air compressor is required. The hydraulic portion of each spring is a cylinder mounted on the body sill and fitted with a plunger that is pivotally attached to the wheel linkage to form a hydraulic strut. Each spring cylinder has a spherical air chamber attached to its outer end. The sphere is divided into two chambers by a flexible diaphragm, the upper occupied by air and the lower by hydraulic fluid that is in communication with the hydraulic cylinder through a two-way restrictor valve.

This valve limits the rate of movement of the plunger in the cylinder, since fluid must be pushed into the sphere when the body descends and returned when it rises. This damping action thus controls the motion of the wheel with respect to the sprung portion of the vehicle supported by the spring. They are also called as pneumatic suspensions.In this case the moving part is assembled and fitted at each of the wheel location.

Time management in a broad sense involves both planning and execution. Money can be earned back, however the time once gone is gone. That is what makes time management a really important activity. It depends on the individual person, as how they manage their schedule, and prioritize their activities. Time management system is a designed combination of processes, tools and techniques. We save time when we perform tasks in less time or with less effort. Time is similar to money in how we use it: We spend time; we save time; we invest time. When we spend time, there is no improvement in efficiency, productivity, or effectiveness.

The time is gone without a return. Time management is the art of arranging, organizing, scheduling, and budgeting one’s time for the purpose of generating more effective work and productivity. There are an abundance of books, classes, workshops, day-planners, and seminars on time management, which teach individuals and corporations how to be more organized and more productive. Time management is important for everyone. An important aspect of time management is planning ahead. There are many advantages of time management like reducing stress, gaining time, reducing avoidance, while promoting reviews and eliminating cramming. When we have a great time management plan, we are giving an individual chance to, to generate a timetable that works to suit our busy caseload. When we create a good plan, we will soon find time to do all the things that matter most to you in life. In addition, when we have a good time management plan, we are saving our health.

After selecting personnel for various positions they have to be given training in their field of activity. This enables the individual to perform their job effectively and efficiency. Industrial organization is conducting training programs for the new recruits before putting them on the job. Moreover in the ever changing modern industrial world, everyone in the organization has to be given training to update their skill and knowledge. The main aims of training is to ensure properly trained employees at all levels, to improve the performance of each employee, to develop employees for higher position. And to increase productivity, to reduce scrap and rework.

To teach employees about the standardized work methods, to change the employee’s outlook to work the job and to enable the employees to adjust to the needs of modern technology. There are many advantages are available in employee training like it can increase the productivity, improved product quality, reduced supervision of employees. This will improve job satisfaction, increased labour efficiency and reduced scrap rate. Through this employee training less maintenance problem, less fatigue to workers. It increased employee morale, reduced accidents and increased flexibility in the organization structure.

Communication is passing of information from one person to another. Communication should be clear always. It should be understood by the person who receives it. The four elements in the process of communication are the sender, the receiver, the communication channels, the symbols. The sender is one who starts the communication process. He or she is the one who wants to pass information to others. The receiver is the one who receives the information and understands it. The communication channel is the medium through which the information is pass from the sender to the receiver. The symbols provide the basis for transfer of information.

The communication should be in the language known to the receiver. Correct channel of communication should be used. Where records of communication are necessary, written method is used where the communication should be fast, oral method is used. The message should be adequate. Communication should be send at the correct time. It should be check whether the message is received and understood by the receiver. Informal communication must be used judiciously. Normally communication flows in three different directions like downward communication, upward communication and horizontal or lateral communication. Downward communication is the communication sent from the higher level to the lower level, i.e., from superior to subordinates. Upward communication is the communication sent from the lower level to the higher level, i.e., from the subordinate to superior. Horizontal communication which takes place between the people at the same level, i.e., supervisor to supervisor.

The small scale industries are defined as SSI. This SSI plays an important role of the development of the economy of our country. The value of the product manufactured by SSI units is nearly 35% of the total industrial production. The production of small scale industries during 1988 to 1989 was worth Rs.1,06,875 crores. It provides employment to about 1.2 crores of people. Products exported through SSI are about 40% of the total exports. These small scale industries need only lesser investment.They have high employment potential. Realizing the importance of small scale industry units, both central and state governments have taking several steps to promote the growth. For starting and running small scale industry units successfully, it is very much importance to have suitable individuals. These individuals are entrepreneur.

The main benefits of small scale industry units to society are less capital and more output, improvement of backward areas, villages and hill areas, it give jobs for large number of people, low cost of production were products are available at cheap price to people. Local resources and talent of people are used. Variety of consumer and industrial goods is produced, foreign exchange earnings by exports. It innovation of new products new materials and new process. People are motivated for self employment. Many agencies are promoting small scale industry units like TIIC, DIC, SIDCO and SIPCOT.

Making the money available and using it is called finance. A large number of legal formalities are to be completed when starting a new industry. Money is life-blood of any industrial or commercial organization. It is needed for starting the industry and running it. Financial management is concerned with the finance function of the firm. It is one of the main sub subsystem of the management. It is concerned with the planning and controlling of the finance of the firm. Finance planning determines the capital requirement, capital structure and use of funds. Finance control ensures effective utilisation of funds and probe management of earnings.

The main function of financial management are determining the capital requirement, selecting the sources of the capital and raising the capital, effectively using the capital and protecting the capital, managing the earnings. An industry is required to produce goods and sell it. To achieving the functions like production and distribution are to be performed. This involves huge investments. So a firm must have sufficient amount of funds. Otherwise it survival and growth will be difficult. In olden days finance was not an important factor in a manufacturing activity. Because of the scale of operation was very small. But nowadays industries operate on a large scale. Production is done using advance technology, this needs heavy amount. So the need for the finance is too great now.

FINANCIAL MANGEMENT

Making the money available and using it is called finance. A large number of legal formalities are to be completed when starting a new industry. Money is life-blood of any industrial or commercial organization. It is needed for starting the industry and running it. Financial management is concerned with the finance function of the firm. It is one of the main sub subsystem of the management. It is concerned with the planning and controlling of the finance of the firm. Finance planning determines the capital requirement, capital structure and use of funds. Finance control ensures effective utilisation of funds and probe management of earnings. The main function of financial management are determining the capital requirement, selecting the sources of the capital and raising the capital, effectively using the capital and protecting the capital, managing the earnings. An industry is required to produce goods and sell it. To achieving the functions like production and distribution are to be performed. This involves huge investments. So a firm must have sufficient amount of funds. Otherwise it survival and growth will be difficult. In olden days finance was not an important factor in a manufacturing activity. Because of the scale of operation was very small. But nowadays industries operate on a large scale. Production is done using advance technology, this needs heavy amount. So the need for the finance is too great now.

Making the money available and using it is called finance. A large number of legal formalities are to be completed when starting a new industry. Money is life-blood of any industrial or commercial organization. It is needed for starting the industry and running it. Financial management is concerned with the finance function of the firm. It is one of the main sub subsystem of the management. It is concerned with the planning and controlling of the finance of the firm. Finance planning determines the capital requirement, capital structure and use of funds. Finance control ensures effective utilisation of funds and probe management of earnings. The main function of financial management are determining the capital requirement, selecting the sources of the capital and raising the capital, effectively using the capital and protecting the capital, managing the earnings. An industry is required to produce goods and sell it. To achieving the functions like production and distribution are to be performed. This involves huge investments. So a firm must have sufficient amount of funds. Otherwise it survival and growth will be difficult. In olden days finance was not an important factor in a manufacturing activity. Because of the scale of operation was very small. But nowadays industries operate on a large scale. Production is done using advance technology, this needs heavy amount. So the need for the finance is too great now.

Human resource management is the part of the management which is concerned with the people at work and with their relationship within the organization. It is also known as a personal management. The personal function is concerned with procurement, development, compensation, integration and maintenance of the personal of the organization for the achieving the major goals of the organization. In human relations they handled the grievances of the employees.

They deals with all types of industrial disbuds, they also participates in the process of collective bargaining. They organize joint consultation council meetings. Human resource is the most important of all the resources. Human resource planning is the process by which a management desires how an organization should move from its current manpower position to its desire manpower position. By this, the management should have right kind of people at the right place at the right time at the right numbers. Human resource planning consists of the different activities like forecasting of manpower requirement, assessment of present manpower, determining the future requirement in qualitatively and quantitatively, evolving a program of requirement, selection, training and development.

Now a day’s many companies manufacture the same kind of products by mass production and sell them at lowest prices. This results competition between the companies. In this competitive situation the companies have to make the customer to accept their products. For this, the companies carry out a number of activities. These activities are known as marketing activities. Marketing is a human activity which satisfies the needs of the customer and sells products or service to them. Marketing includes some of the policies, techniques and methods necessary for selling. Without marketing function products and services cannot be sold.

The following are the functions of the marketing department. Like market research, sales forecasting, advertising, sales promotion, selling, packing, after sales service. Depending upon these functions the marketing management works. Marketing management is the planning implementation, coordination and control of business activities to supply goods and service as per customer’s stratification. In the modern marketing management all the activities are focused towards consumers.

Management is defined as an art and science of getting work done through people. It is the process of giving direction and controlling the various activities of the people to achieve the objectives of an organization. The success of the management depended upon the skill of the manager. This made the management as an art. The management can be differentiate into two different ways like traditional management. Scientific management. In traditional management problems were solved by trail and error method. So decision making was slow. Results could not be produced fast.

The scientific management is used for solving management problems was thought of. This management will develop the growth of factory system led to numerous problems in production and in labour control. This scientific management concept was first developed by F.W. Taylor in between 1895 and 1911. Now the Scientific management has grown into the most advanced stage. In the earlier stage management was considered as an inborn quality. It could not be acquired. It was thought that managers were born, they could not be made. The problems were solved by their intuition and individual judgment.